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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicase-dependent Amplification</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b><span lang="en">helicase-dependent amplification</span></b> (HDA, engl. für ‚Helikase-abhängige Amplifikation‘) ist eine Methode zur <a href="Amplifikation_(Genetik)" title="Amplifikation (Genetik)">Amplifikation</a> (Vervielfältigung) von <a href="DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>. Sie ist eine Variante der <a href="Isothermale_DNA-Amplifikation" class="mw-redirect" title="Isothermale DNA-Amplifikation">isothermalen DNA-Amplifikation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID_15247927_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID_15247927-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Die <i>recombinase polymerase amplification</i> verwendet eine <a href="Helikase" class="mw-redirect" title="Helikase">Helikase</a> (<i>TteUvrD</i>, Helikase-Superfamilie II, aus <i><a href="Thermoanaerobacter" title="Thermoanaerobacter">Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis</a></i>, jetzt Unterart von <i>Caldanaerobacter subterraneus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fardeau2004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fardeau2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ein <a href="Einzelstrang-bindendes_Protein" title="Einzelstrang-bindendes Protein">Einzelstrang-bindendes Protein</a> und eine strangversetzende <a href="DNA-Polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Polymerase">DNA-Polymerase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durch die Verwendung einer strangversetzenden DNA-Polymerase kann die Reaktion bei einer konstanten Temperatur von 37 bis 42 °C erfolgen, bei Raumtemperatur verläuft die Reaktion etwas langsamer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analog zur <a href="QPCR" class="mw-redirect" title="QPCR">qPCR</a> kann die HDA auch zur Quantifizierung von DNA verwendet werden.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID_15247927_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID_15247927-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analog zur <a href="Multiplex-PCR" title="Multiplex-PCR">Multiplex-PCR</a> können mehrere Sequenzen parallel vervielfältigt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Alternative Methoden zur Amplifikation von DNA sind z. B. die <a href="Polymerasekettenreaktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerasekettenreaktion">Polymerasekettenreaktion</a>, die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Multidisplacement_amplification" class="mw-redirect" title="Multidisplacement amplification">multidisplacement amplification</a></span></i>, die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Isothermal_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Isothermal assembly">isothermal assembly</a></span></i>, die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Loop-mediated_isothermal_amplification" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop-mediated isothermal amplification">loop-mediated isothermal amplification</a></span></i> (LAMP), <i><span lang="en">nucleic acid sequence-based amplification</span></i> (NASBA), die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Recombinase_polymerase_amplification" class="mw-redirect" title="Recombinase polymerase amplification">recombinase polymerase amplification</a></span></i> (RPA), die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Nicking_enzyme_amplification_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicking enzyme amplification reaction">nicking enzyme amplification reaction</a></span></i> (NEAR), die <i><span lang="en"><a href="Rolling_circle_replication" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling circle replication">rolling circle replication</a></span></i> (RCA).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weitere Nachweisverfahren sind z. B. die <i><span lang="en">nicking endonuclease signal amplification</span></i> (<a href="NESA" class="mw-redirect" title="NESA">NESA</a>) und <i><span lang="en">nicking endonuclease assisted nanoparticle activation</span></i> (NENNA), <i><span lang="en">exonuclease-aided target recycling</span></i>, <i><span lang="en">junction or Y-probes</span></i>, <i><span lang="en">split DNAZyme</span></i> und <i><span lang="en">deoxyribozyme amplification</span></i> (die beiden letzten Methoden nutzen <a href="DNAzyme" class="mw-redirect" title="DNAzyme">DNAzyme</a> alies Desoxyribozyme), nicht-kovalente DNA-Katalysen und die <i><span lang="en">hybridization chain reaction</span></i> (HCR).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-PMID_15247927-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PMID_15247927_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PMID_15247927_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Vincent, Y. Xu, H. Kong: <i>helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification.</i> In: <i>EMBO reports.</i> Band 5, Nummer 8, August 2004, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221469-221X%22&key=cql">1469-221X</a></span></span>, S. 795–800, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400200" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400200">doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400200</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247927?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15247927</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1249482/">PMC 1249482</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fardeau2004-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fardeau2004_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Marie-Laure Fardeau, Monica Bonilla Salinas, Stéphane L'Haridon, Christian Jeanthon, Frédéric Verhé, Jean-Luc Cayol, Bharat K. C. Patel, Jean-Louis Garcia, Bernard Ollivier: <i>Isolation from oil reservoirs of novel thermophilic anaerobes phylogenetically related to </i>Thermoanaerobacter subterraneus<i>: reassignment of </i>T. subterraneus<i>, </i>Thermoanaerobacter yonseiensis<i>, </i>Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis<i> and </i>Carboxydibrachium pacificum<i> to </i>Caldanaerobacter subterraneus<i> gen. nov., sp. nov., comb. nov. as four novel subspecies.</i> In: <i>International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</i>, Band 54, Nr. 2, März 2004, S. 467–474; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02711-0" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02711-0">doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02711-0</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15023962?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15023962</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Cao, H. J. Kim, Y. Li, H. Kong, B. Lemieux: <i>Helicase-dependent amplification of nucleic acids.</i> In: Frederick M. Ausubel <i>et al.</i> (Hrsg.): <i>Current protocols in molecular biology</i> Band 104, 2013, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221934-3647%22&key=cql">1934-3647</a></span></span>, S. Unit 15.11, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb1511s104" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb1511s104">doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb1511s104</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510297?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24510297</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Kim, C. J. Easley: <i>Isothermal DNA amplification in bioanalysis: strategies and applications.</i> In: <i>Bioanalysis.</i> Band 3, r. 2, Januar 2011, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221757-6199%22&key=cql">1757-6199</a></span></span>, S. 227–239, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.172" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.4155/bio.10.172">doi:10.4155/bio.10.172</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250850?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21250850</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Lillis, D. Lehman, M. C. Singhal, J. Cantera, J. Singleton, P. Labarre, A. Toyama, O. Piepenburg, M. Parker, R. Wood, J. Overbaugh, D. S. Boyle: <i>Non-instrumented incubation of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of proviral HIV-1 DNA.</i> In: <i>PloS one.</i> Band 9, Nr. 9, 2014, S. e108189, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221932-6203%22&key=cql">1932-6203</a></span></span>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108189" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108189">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108189</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25264766?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25264766</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4180440/">PMC 4180440</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Doseeva, T. Forbes, J. Wolff, Y. Khripin, D. O’Neil, T. Rothmann, I. Nazarenko: <i>Multiplex isothermal helicase-dependent amplification assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.</i> In: <i>Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.</i> Band 71, Nr. 4, Dezember 2011, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221879-0070%22&key=cql">1879-0070</a></span></span>, S. 354–365, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.08.021" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.08.021">doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.08.021</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22000085?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22000085</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. C. Oriero, J. Jacobs, J. P. Van Geertruyden, D. Nwakanma, U. D’Alessandro: <i>Molecular-based isothermal tests for field diagnosis of malaria and their potential contribution to malaria elimination.</i> In: <i>The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.</i> [elektronische Veröffentlichung vor dem Druck] September 2014, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221460-2091%22&key=cql">1460-2091</a></span></span>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku343" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1093/jac/dku343">doi:10.1093/jac/dku343</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223973?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25223973</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Yan, J. Zhou, Y. Zheng, A. S. Gamson, B. T. Roembke, S. Nakayama, H. O. Sintim: <i>Isothermal amplified detection of DNA and RNA.</i> In: <i>Molecular bioSystems.</i> Band 10, r. 5, Mai 2014, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221742-2051%22&key=cql">1742-2051</a></span></span>, S. 970–1003, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3mb70304e" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1039/c3mb70304e">doi:10.1039/c3mb70304e</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24643211?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24643211</a>.</span>
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